Frank R. McNinch’s Preparation for National Prominence

Frank Ramsay McNinch, an attorney and political figure from Charlotte, N.C., moved into a stately country home on a sizable farm in 1925 with the intention of continuing his local law practice and enjoying time with his family at his new home for years to come. The trajectory of McNinch’s life underwent a major shift in 1928 when McNinch, a Democrat, helped propel Republican presidential-nominee Herbert Hoover to the presidency over Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith, the governor of New York. Hoover, likely out of gratitude for McNinch’s political support, nominated McNinch to serve on the Federal Power Commission in Washington, D.C. in 1930. McNinch parlayed his first job in the nation’s capital into a 16-year-career that saw him serve as Chairman of the Federal Power Commission, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, and Special Assistant to the U.S. Attorney General during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Though he may not have had his heart set on serving in Washington and becoming a nationally prominent government official, McNinch was prepared for it by his early life experiences, community advocacy, legal and business careers, and political involvement.

Dr. Dan Morrill, a historic preservationist and former history professor at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, is the leading historian in regard to the life of McNinch. Morrill, through his work with Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission and the private, non-profit preservation organization Preserve Mecklenburg, has studied McNinch and written about his life. In 1990, Morrill and his colleagues at the Landmarks Commission — Barbara M. Mull, Joseph Schuman, and Nora M. Black — wrote a biographical summary of McNinch’s life and detailed the features and history of the stately home he built in what was then a rural area outside of Charlotte. In order to educate the public about the significance of McNinch’s life and preserve the home in perpetuity, Morrill has continued to write and speak on the subject. In 2020, Morrill wrote a biographical summary that took a deeper look at McNinch’s motivations and worldview. The same year, Morrill and his daughter Mary Dana Paradis, created a podcast episode concerning McNinch’s time as Mayor of Charlotte and his handling of the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic and the streetcar riots that took place the following year.

In addition to the work of Morrill, biographical summaries have been written by other organizations and individuals. The biographical summaries give objective accounts of McNinch’s life, but they fail to provide a narrative that helps the public better understand McNinch as a person and what made him the person he became. McNinch has also been mentioned in scholarly articles and books that analyze the policy decisions made during his time in Washington, D. C. at the Federal Power Commission, Federal Communications Commission, and the Department of Justice. This paper will endeavor to explain how McNinch’s life experiences prepared him for national prominence during a pivotal period in American history.

Early Life

McNinch was born in Charlotte in 1873 to Frank Alonzo and Sarah Ramsay McNinch. F. A. McNinch’s obituary in the Charlotte Observer in 1893 stated that he was a Civil War veteran who fought on the side of the Confederacy. It contended that “few had a brighter war record than he” and that he was a man defined by “bravery,” kindness and loyalty. After moving to Charlotte in 1866, F. A. McNinch operated a marble business and accepted many public service roles. He was a police chief, private fire chief, public fire chief, a trial justice, and the superintendent of the city quarry. A letter to the editor of the Charlotte Observer encouraged him to run for Mayor of Charlotte due to the fact he was an “esteemed young townsman” who was a “practical businessman, well qualified, and noted for firmness in the discharge of his duties.”

In addition to the example set by his father, McNinch witnessed the success of his brother, Samuel Sylvester McNinch. S.S. McNinch was a part-owner in a grocery wholesale firm, the owner of a brick manufacturing company, and a real estate investor according to his 1929 obituary in the Charlotte Observer. He served as a member of the City of Charlotte Board of Alderman, was elected Mayor of Charlotte twice, and ran unsuccessfully for Congress. Interestingly, S.S. McNinch also briefly ran against his brother for Mayor of Charlotte in 1919 before abandoning the race.

There is a lack of first-person documentation about the McNinch family dynamic, but it appears that McNinch was influenced by his father and brother’s business activities, civic engagement, and public service by following in their footsteps. Like his father and brother, McNinch was active in local commerce, civic-minded, and politically involved.

With that being said, the family’s membership in the Second Presbyterian Church may have been the most impactful aspect of McNinch’s family life on his personal life path. McNinch grew up in the church and was taught from an early age to abide by religious principles, according to Morrill. An announcement in the Charlotte Observer in 1893 stated that McNinch helped to organize a chapter of the Brotherhood of Andrew and Phillip at the church and was named the organization’s vice president. The same year, McNinch served as the interim secretary of the local chapter of the Young Men’s Christian Association (Y.M.C.A.), became president of the Brotherhood of Andrew and Phillip chapter, and became a charter member of the male choir at the church. Young men were invited to hear McNinch give a speech entitled, “The Best Brotherhood” at a Sunday meeting in June of 1893.

Firmly established as a young leader in his church and in town, McNinch began to branch out and give public speeches on religious topics in June of 1893. He conducted three prayer meetings and spoke to the missionary society at the Rocky River Church in Cabarrus County, which is an adjacent county northeast of McNinch’s home county of Mecklenburg. A month later he spoke again to the missionary society and spoke at the Whitehall Female Seminary during a revival where he gave a speech entitled “Young Man Prepare to Meet Thy God.”

During his early twenties, McNinch was frequently invited to speak to church groups and religious organizations in the southern Piedmont region of North Carolina. His speeches included the titles “Giving,” “The Tears of Jesus,” “The Greatest Battle Ever Fought,” “Grace on Trial,” and “Our Temptations and How to Avoid Them,” According to the Charlotte News, McNinch received many offers to work for churches and organizations within the Presbyterian denomination. Rev. Dwight Moody, an evangelist who was said to have influenced F. A. McNinch, wanted to hire McNinch to preach for a “season” in Chicago. Local religious leaders took McNinch under their wings and brought him up as an “apprentice,” according to the Charlotte Observer.

McNinch was called a “power in the land” by the Charlotte News due to his oratorical skills and ability to draw a crowd and keep it entertained. An attendee at a speech at Davidson College said McNinch used “descriptive” and powerful prose that kept the audience “spell-bound.” McNinch was invited to be a judge at a speaking contest at Biddle University in 1896.

It is clear that McNinch grew to be a morally sound man who had clear ideas about “good” and “evil.” He believed that his understanding of the world based on what he learned in church would be useful to others. McNinch thought outside of himself and sought to impart upon others information that would help them to live happier and more fulfilling lives. Even as a young man he showed a capacity to lead and be a force for “good” as he saw it by finding ways to connect with audiences and move them with his words.

Community Advocacy

McNinch advocated for causes, issues, and organizations that he thought would improve the lives of individuals, families, and communities. He identified problems that he felt needed to be solved and he tried to find solutions whether it be through the private sector or the government. In his opinion, all forms of vice needed to be removed from society.

In 1895, McNinch was working as the secretary for the Mayor of Charlotte. The Evening Visitor newspaper reported that on his way home from church one night a group of men accosted him and threatened him because they thought that he was responsible for breaking up a gambling ring. The newspaper reported that he wasn’t responsible for shutting down the operation, but it is clear that community members knew he was against gambling.

Starting in the 1890s and lasting the duration of his life, McNinch promoted abstinence from alcohol. As a private citizen, church member, and politician he campaigned against the consumption of alcohol because he believed that it kept people from reaching their potential and it was harmful to family life. He believed that drinking alcohol wasn’t a good use of time, wasn’t morally acceptable, and shouldn’t be legal.

McNinch, as a member of the North Carolina state House of Representatives, worked to reform the divorce laws of the state. His aim was to make it more difficult to get a divorce by limiting the reasons that would allow a person to apply for one. He believed that keeping nuclear families intact was important to society.

A local Humane Society organization was formed in Charlotte in 1896 in order to prevent animal cruelty. The Mayor of Charlotte became the chairman of the local organization at the request of the statewide Humane Society’s leaders. The responsibility of running the organization fell to McNinch. During his tenure, the Humane Society focused on welfare and human services work. McNinch raised funds and used the money to help people who were having difficulty paying for food, medicine, and other life necessities. He made a point of being transparent about how money was being spent and ensuring that the generosity of donors didn’t get wasted on people who didn’t really need it.

The importance of primary, secondary, and college education was promoted by McNinch. In 1904, McNinch spoke to a gathering of prominent education leaders from around the state. McNinch spoke at other education-related events such as fundraisers and graduation exercises. In 1906, McNinch contended that women should be involved in the policy-making decisions of local school boards due to their innate understanding of what the needs of children and their families were as well as the fact that they too were citizens.

As the Mayor of Charlotte and after his resignation,, McNinch worked to protect consumers from unsavory and deceitful business practices by unscrupulous operators and worked to keep water and gas prices as low as possible. His goal was to protect the financial interests of the individuals and families.

The War Camp Community Service organization was funded by the U.S. government to “develop park, playground, recreational, and community programs.” In 1920, McNinch, then serving as mayor, resigned from his elected position to take a higher paying job with the organization, which was renamed the National Park and Recreation Association. During a period of approximately four years, McNinch rose to an upper-level leadership role at the national office in New York. As part of his duties, McNinch traveled around the country to make speeches about the importance of creating public spaces that could be used by everyone for play, recreation, and leisure. He encouraged community leaders to invest in their towns in order to give citizens, especially the young, positive and personally enriching ways to spend their free time.

McNinch was an officer, member, or supporter of numerous fraternal, labor, civic or service groups including the Knights of Pythias, United Auto Mechanics, Boy Scouts, Y.M.C.A, Y.W.C.A, Red Cross, Rotarians, and Kiwanis. He clearly liked to be connected to others who shared his values and to work with them toward common goals.

Being involved in so many different causes, issues, and organizations enabled him to learn about the problems facing citizens. He had an understanding of many different policy areas and knew how to organize people in order to build the momentum and power necessary to create change. The community advocacy initiatives that McNinch was involved in gave him a vast amount of experience in the formulation of policy that was in the public interest.

Business and Legal Careers

The details known about McNinch’s primary and secondary education are limited to the fact that he was named to the honor roll when he was about 10 years old and that he attended Barriers Military Institute. As mentioned previously in this paper, as a young man McNinch was engaged in evangelical work and secretarial work in the office of the Mayor of Charlotte. He also worked as a traveling salesman on the eastern seaboard. Later in life, McNinch told a group of insurance agents that he had attempted to start a career in the fledgling insurance industry when he was a young man in the late 1890s.

In the fall of 1898, McNinch entered the law school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Less than a year later, in the late winter of 1899, McNinch graduated from the law school and took the bar exam. McNinch was one of only twenty law license candidates who passed the bar exam out of a 55-candidate cohort. During his first year as an attorney, McNinch took part in high-stakes legal cases. In July of 1899, McNinch helped secure guilty verdict and the death penalty in the prosecution’s case against Julius Alexander, an African-American man who witnesses said raped a white woman. In the prosecution of Drayton Medlin in October of that year, McNinch was part of a prosecution team that secured a guilty verdict and the death penalty against the defendant in the killing of a cotton mill superintendent named William Brown in Gastonia, North Carolina. During the ensuing decades of his legal career, McNinch prosecuted defendants and defended clients in an array of cases including contempt of court, unethical conduct by an attorney, larceny, and murder.

McNinch was an attorney on the boards of several companies including Southern Machinery Company, Reid Brick Company, North Carolina Railroad Company, and Belk Brothers Stores. (Elaborate about trustee). In addition to representing companies and individuals in business deals, McNinch was engaged in small business deals. He loaned money to private individuals, owned the Model Steam Laundry Company, was president of the Carolina Realty Company, bought and developed land, rented homes, and owned farm land.

By practicing law, attorneys gain a deep understanding of the relationship between the government and citizens. They learn how the way legislation is written and how it is interpreted impacts parties. By conducting business, operators succeed or fail based on how well they are able to manage costs and solve problems. McNinch’s legal and business experiences were undoubtedly useful to him when he became a government official responsible for implementing legislation, creating regulations, and enforcing the law at the national level.

Political Involvement

Throughout his life, McNinch attempted to use politics as a means to create a world that he thought was most suitable for himself, his family, the members of his community and the people of this nation and every other. McNinch sought to turn his moral ideals into policies and laws that would improve the human condition. His experiences in local and state politics prepared him for politics on the national stage.

In 1894, McNinch signed onto an announcement by the North Carolina State Temperance Association that invited all citizens, regardless of political affiliation, to attend a meeting at the Y.M.C.A. about the organization’s desire to enact policy and legislation “for the regulation and control of liquor traffic.” The meeting was held in order to organize at the grassroots level in order to strengthen the statewide organization. The announcement stated that the organization wasn’t religious-based or politically aligned, but the goals of the group were clearly rooted in morality and political in nature.

In 1900, McNinch was chosen by the local Democratic Party chairman to speak to voters on behalf of legislative candidates. That same year McNinch became a member of the Charlotte chapter of the Bryan and Stevenson Democratic club, which was created to support the Democratic Party’s presidential nominee, William Jennings Bryan. He was chosen as a delegate to the state club’s convention.

In 1902, an anonymous “Democrat” wrote a letter to the Charlotte Times-Democrat newspaper encouraging McNinch to run for the state senate. McNinch responded to the letter with one of his own in which he declined to run and encouraged his friends to support a candidate who had already announced that he was running.

During the 1904 election cycle, McNinch was chosen to give speeches around Charlotte on behalf of the local Anti-Saloon League. As a candidate for the state legislature, he debated against the Republican nominee who happened to be a doctor. An account of the debate in the Charlotte News stated that McNinch maintained control of the debate and kept his debate opponent on the defensive. Upon defeating his Republican opponent and taking office, McNinch’s main objectives were to advance legislation regarding moral issues such as alcohol consumption and divorce.

McNinch’s name was again mentioned for a possible state senate candidacy in 1906 and he again declined to run. His reasoning for not running in 1906 was similar to his reasoning for not running in 1902; he wanted to avoid creating a rivalry with someone he agreed with politically and wanted to keep from creating division among like-minded supporters. Despite deciding not to run, he remained active in the temperance movement by giving speeches regarding the issue.

Bryan, the previously mentioned presidential candidate, made a visit to Charlotte in 1907. McNinch was the head of the welcoming committee and accompanied Bryan during his time in town. The fact that McNinch played such a prominent role in welcoming Bryan to Charlotte was evidence of McNinch’s status in local politics.

William Walton Kitchin, a candidate for governor of North Carolina in 1908, appointed McNinch to manage his campaign in Mecklenburg County during the primary and general election. Kitchin won the primary and defeated the Republican in the general election to become governor of the state.

Two years later, McNinch removed his name from consideration for a state senate seat for the third time. His reasoning was that he had a “moral obligation” not to run because his brother was a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives.

During the 1912 North Carolina gubernatorial campaign, McNinch served as the statewide campaign manager for Kitchin’s campaign for U.S. Senate. McNinch traveled around the state to organize Kitchin Clubs and speak to voters. Kitchin, along with two other candidates, attempted to best U.S. Senator Furnifold Simmons in the Democratic primary, but it was Simmons who came out on top. Simmons enjoyed his greatest time of power following the victory due to his appointment as Chairman of the Finance Committee from 1913 to 1919.

After the failed 1912 Senate campaign McNinch maintained a lower political profile than normal for several years. During that time, in 1915, McNinch’s wife, Mary Groome McNinch, died. McNinch later married Hulda Groome, the deceased’s sister. In 1917, McNinch’s name began to be mentioned for a possible campaign for Mayor of Charlotte. McNinch decided to run and met no opposition, which guaranteed him victory.

Prior to McNinch’s election, the composition of the Charlotte City commission changed in favor of a style that had three commissioners, one of whom served as mayor. The commission previously was set up in a way that gave the members of a board of aldermen relatively more power than the mayor. Having power consolidated played to McNinch’s advantage during his time as mayor. It allowed him to help guide the city through difficult times without having to engage in as many political quarrels.

When the United States entered World War I in 1917, McNinch advocated for Charlotte to be named as a place for one of the new soldier training camps that needed to be constructed. The city was granted a camp and it welcomed tens of thousands of soldiers. Having a camp gave Charlotte a way to contribute to and benefit from the war effort. McNinch routinely spoke at events honoring the soldiers of the camp and those returning from the frontlines in Europe.

In 1918, McNinch had to keep Charlotte safe during an outbreak of cerebro-spinal meningitis and the Spanish Flu pandemic. In both cases he ordered quarantines that lasted for weeks and shut down all but the most necessary businesses, public services, and activities. In 1919, McNinch found it necessary to have the state guard sent in to keep the peace after rioting broke out between streetcar operators who were on strike and the police. Though all three situations were difficult, it appears that McNinch handled them reasonably well.

S. S. McNinch and one other man set out to challenge McNinch during the 1919 mayoral campaign. S. S. McNinch withdrew from the race and the mayor easily defeated the lone challenger left on election day. Throughout his time as mayor, McNinch fought for policies that he thought would benefit all citizens including lower water rates, lower gas rates, and increased police patrols to stop liquor hauling.

In 1928, Smith, the previously mentioned Governor of New York dominated the Democratic Party’s presidential primaries and secured the nomination. McNinch would’ve voted for someone else had there been a primary contest in North Carolina that cycle. Due to his strong opposition to the consumption of alcohol, McNinch decided not to support Smith, who was a “Wet” against prohibition. Instead, McNinch threw his weight behind Herbert Hoover in August of that year. McNinch’s decision to support Hoover boosted the presidential nominee in North Carolina and made news in the nation’s capital. McNinch campaigned around North Carolina to turn people like him who were against alcohol consumption into “Hoover Democrats.” He was even able to bring Simmons, his political rival from the 1912 Senate campaign he managed, over to Hoover’s side. Hoover’s election to the presidency in November of 1928 was due in part to the support he received from McNinch and the “Hoover Democrats.”

Detractors attacked McNinch for switching sides and questioned how McNinch’s Anti-Smith campaign was funded. McNinch refused to provide answers until it became politically impossible to keep the information private. In 1930, McNinch declined to run for U.S. Senate, but was nominated to the Federal Power Commission by Hoover. During the confirmation process, McNinch was assailed by rivals for supporting Hoover and not being forthcoming about the campaign’s finances. As ugly as it was, McNinch survived the confirmation process and took his place in national prominence.

Conclusion

There doesn’t appear to be any evidence to suggest that McNinch ever sought to become a national political figure. He returned to Charlotte after a relatively short tenure in his public role at the National Parks and Recreation Association in New York. He declined to run for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1920 and the U.S. Senate in 1930. By all accounts, he enjoyed being at home in Charlotte surrounded by his family and friends. Though he never aspired to national prominence he was prepared for it by his early life, community advocacy, business and legal careers, and political experiences. The proof is that his time in the national spotlight saw him work in three national positions during two presidencies over nearly 16 years..

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Charlotte News. “Mrs. Cooper Suggested As President of Women’s Federation.” High Point Enterprise. June 9, 1921. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “Items Not Secular.” Charlotte Observer. July 30, 1893. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “Rigid Quarantine Ordered By M’Ninch for Two Weeks.” Charlotte Observer. January 25, 1918. Via Newspapers.com. (Accessed December 18, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “Rotarians Bid M’Ninch Adieu.” Charlotte Observer. January 4, 1922. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Social Activities in Steel Creek Vicinity.” Charlotte Observer. February 26, 1922. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “F. R. M’Ninch Reacting Nicely After Operation.” Charlotte Observer. April 26, 1922. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Pleads With Gastonia to Create City Parks.” Charlotte Observer. July 20, 1923. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Knights of Pythias.” Charlotte Observer. July 22, 1923. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Frank R. McNinch To Take Big Part In Recreation Program At Springfield.” Charlotte Observer. September 30, 1923. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “Among the Fraternal Orders.” Charlotte Observer. July 27, 1924. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Scout Heads Will Attend North and South Conference Here Tomorrow.” Charlotte Observer. January 11, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Mr. and Mrs. Morrison To Be Welcomed Home Tonight.” Charlotte Observer. January 19, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Scout Troop Celebrates Fifteenth Anniversary.” Charlotte Observer. February 15, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Y.W.C.A. Begins Annual Budget Canvass.” Charlotte Observer. March 17, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Recall Election.” Charlotte Observer. June 21, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “Life Underwriters Have Picnic At Sardis Church.” Charlotte Observer. July 29, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Park, Recreation Proponents Start Campaign For Election.” Charlotte Observer. August 4, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “Hickory Council №43 Present Bible and Flag to New Hickory High School. Charlotte Observer. October 11, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Boy Scouts Plan Camp in New Annual Budget.” Charlotte Observer. October 31, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Atlanta Rotary Club to Hear F. R. McNinch.” Charlotte Observer. November 3, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Kiwanians Hear Echoes From Pinehurst Meeting.” Charlotte Observer. November 13, 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

Charlotte Observer. “Old Fashioned Home is ‘Vanishing Home.’” Charlotte Observer. November 14. 1925. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “Alton Freeman’s Mother Tells Gruesome Story of Razor Slaying.” Charlotte Observer. July 15, 1926. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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Charlotte Observer. “M’Ninch Declares City Must Not Fail in Queens’ Drive.” Charlotte Observer. April 18, 1929. Via Newspapers.com (accessed November 22, 2021).

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